YDS READING PASSAGES / TEST 7

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1. 1 -7.CREATIVE WRITING The term creative writing means imaginative writing, or writing as an art. The primary concern of creative writing is not with factual information, or with the more routine forms of communication. It does, however, use many of the same skills. A novel, for example, may contain much sociological, political or psychological information. Scholars may study it for that Information, as Sigmund Freud studied literature for accounts of dreams and emotional states. No true novel, however, is written to communicate facts. Like other forms of creative writing, it attempts to produce in its reader the pleasure of an aesthetic experience. It tries to uncover form and meaning in the turmoil of love, hate, violence, tedium, habit and brutal facts which people deal with from day to day. The novelist and short-story writer John Cheever, when asked why he wrote, said, "To try to make sense out of my life." Whether it takes the form of poem, short story, novel, play, personal essay, or even biography or history, creative writing is certain to involve some search for meaning, a measure of wonder and discovery, and a degree of personal involvement in the result. One can understand from the passage that creative writing ------ .
2. 2 -In the field of aeronautics, da Vinci ------ .
3. 3 -Da Vinci's work on human anatomy ------ .
4. 4 -10.HOW TO LIVE TO BE 100 Since aging and life span are broadly determined by the genetic plan of a species, attention has been directed to the possibilities of their modification by altering the environment. The biologist Jacques Loeb showed early in the 20th century that the life span of the fruit fly was halved by every ten-degree rise in temperature. This led to impractical speculations about prolonging the human life span by experimenting with various degrees of cooling the body. Fairly severe restriction of caloric intake in the laboratory rat can more than double its life span, chiefly by prolonging the period of immaturity. Caloric restriction is so far the only factor shown to have a major effect on aging and life span. Unfortunately, food restriction has less effect on species other than rodents. It has not been shown that undernourished human populations live longer, but vitamin deficiency, disease, and poor medical care found in such groups complicate the analysis. In geriatric medicine, the hope is to eliminate the disease processes that prevent human beings from living to the end of their natural life span. The passage tells us that the average length of time an animal species lives------ .
5. 5 -Since what happened to the Cyclops is unknown ------ .
6. 6 -15.SCIENCE OR FICTION? Science fiction — usually thought of as a 20th-century literary form — actually made its first appearance in the 2nd century AD. Most educated people of that period believed that the moon was a solid body. Plutarch, in his 'On the Face That Appears in the Moon', summed up the advanced views of his time. He held that the moon was a smaller Earth. The idea of flight to the moon was devised in two stories written as early as AD 160 by Lucian of Samosata, a Greek. In Lucian's True History', the hero is blown to the moon during a storm. The hero of Lucian's 'Icaro-Menippus' uses the wings of large birds. During the Middle Ages, no more stories of space travel were written. Late in the Renaissance, however, as scientific interest was revived, people also became more interested in space. In the 17th century, the invention of the telescope and the work of Johannes Kepler in Germany and Isaac Newton in England yielded knowledge of the solar system, when Kepler precisely described the orbits of the planets and Newton described mathematically the laws of gravitation and motion., The majority of educated people in Plutarch's time believed that------ .

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